Collection Development Policy

All librarians participate in developing and maintaining the collections of the Learning Resources Center. Through library liaisons relationships with the Deans, Department Chairs, and faculty, the LRC librarians seek to understand the curricular needs of the academic departments in their subject areas. The LRC librarians also seek to understand evolving research trends in their respective disciplines. As liaisons, the librarians work collaboratively with faculty in their assigned departments to ensure that the Library’s collections are developed and maintained in a manner that meets the specific research needs of its students and faculty and is supportive of the College’s curriculum. 

The Acquisitions Librarian serves as librarian liaison for the following 14 programs of study:

• Biology
• Business Administration
• Chemistry
• Computer Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
• Environmental Health Sciences
• eSports Administration
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Public Health
• Social Work
• Sport Management
• Masters degree in Business Administration

The Coordinator of Access, Research, and Instruction Services serves as librarian liaison for the following 12 programs of study: 

• Accounting
• Computer Science
• Criminal Justice Administration
• Cyber Security
• Educational Studies
• English
• Mass Communication
• Music Industry
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Studio Art

The Library Director maintains a working relationship with the School Deans and works cooperatively with the Department Chairs across all disciplines for the inclusion of research and supplementary materials. All materials requested for purchase are submitted to the Library Director for review and approval. 

The Library Director serves as Ex officio for the College’s Library Advisory Committee. The Library Advisory Committee presents professional opinions to the Library Director concerning library policies and procedures; interprets policies to others; and promotes the fullest use of the Library’s resources, services, and facilities. The Library Advisory Committee is comprised of 1) one faculty representative from each academic department, 2) a representative from the library staff, 3) a representative from the Office of Information Technology, and 4) a student representative. (see Appendix B)  

Academic faculty are actively involved in the selection process of library resources. They select materials for purchase that ensure coverage of the curriculum and address the research needs in their respective disciplines. The librarian liaisons suggest to the academic faculty titles selected from awards lists, CHOICE reviews, and the catalogs of reputable publishers. Faculty work with the librarian liaison assigned to their respective discipline to select appropriate library materials. The librarians depend upon the faculty to provide subject expertise needed to select materials and evaluate the library collections. Faculty are expected to consider the specialized needs of their courses as well as the general needs of the collection within the discipline as a whole and interdisciplinary areas where they have expertise.

The primary role of the Acquisitions Librarian is to disseminate and manage allocated funds for the purchase of newly published materials and primary source materials. Materials acquired include the purchase of books, databases, serials, and resources in print, electronic, and media formats. Decisions are made regarding the best form of access for its students and faculty, whether one-time purchase for ownership, annual subscription, or lease options. The Acquisitions Librarian works collaboratively with the Library Director and Coordinator of Access, Research, and Instruction, and the faculty to identify ways to acquire resources across the 25 undergraduate programs of study and the graduate program.

The institution gives the LRC an annual budget which provides for the acquisition of resources in every subject content area, in appropriate formats, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The library budget is received in July at the beginning of the College’s fiscal year. Additional library budgets, through Title III Grants, are received in October at the beginning of the Title III fiscal period. The LRC budgets are categorized and allocated into the following budget-line items:

• Books
• Periodicals
• Contract Services
• Media
• Dues/Subscriptions (i.e., organizations)
• Rental Equipment
• Supplies (office)
• Facilities (maintenance)
• Travel Expense
• Postage
• Office Equipment (i.e., lease)
• Printing/Duplication

The Acquisition Librarian is responsible for distributing funds appropriated to each school for materials in the form of a budget. The budget is then allocated based on full-time enrollment (FTE) in each school and categorized by FTE in each academic program. The Acquisitions Librarian notifies each school in writing of the allocated funds for their school and programs. The notification asks the department chairs and faculty to recommend resources that support their teaching curriculum and that fosters research in their respective disciplines for inclusion into the library’s collection. To help in the selection process, the Acquisitions Librarians provide department chairs with disciplined-related catalogs from publishers and links to publishers’ online catalogs to help in their selection process.

One-time purchases decisions are made year-round, preferably during the fall and spring semesters. Usage data is discussed by the librarians with respective department chairs regarding the evaluation of journals and databases, particularly if there is insufficient or a drastic decline in usage. When journal subscriptions are evaluated, the LRC librarians recommend titles to consider for elimination due to prior usage data.  

The Library Director and Acquisitions Librarian use the College’s student full-time enrollment data received through the Office of Institutional Research and Assessment to distribute book funds for one-time new purchases among the College’s four academic schools as outlined: 

• Tyrone Adams Burroughs School of Business and Entrepreneurship;
• School of Arts and Sciences;
• School of Education, Health, and Human Services;
• and Extended Learning Services 

Allocation of library funds for one-time new purchases is determined by several factors: 

1. full-time student equivalent in each academic program
2. newly developed courses or academic program
3. academic programs with upcoming accreditations
4. areas that are recommended for subject development by faculty or librarian

After book funds are allotted among the College’s four Schools, funds are then distributed among academic programs in each school. The Acquisition Librarian sends written correspondence to each departmental chair regarding funds to be expended for their respective discipline(s). The School’s Dean and Library Director are copied on written correspondences. The Acquisitions Librarian uses the College’s Jenzabar system to initiate online requisitions for the review and approval of appropriate personnel. Once materials have been received or licensed, the Acquisitions Librarian notifies the respective department chair or teaching faculty of materials received. 

Allocation of library funds for yearly continuing commitments includes: 1) journal subscriptions, 2) databases, and 3) newspapers. Cost factors versus usage data and the need for relevancy and currency of information in support of individual programs of academic study are examined annually in evaluating the purchase and continuation of subscription-based resources. New subscriptions are financially supported to the extent which the resource 1) supports a new academic program, 2) fills a gap for a subject in the Library’s collection, and 3) is needed to add relevancy and currency of information to an academic program of study. 

The Acquisitions Unit is to acquire resources for access and use by the entire Benedict College users’ community. The Library does not acquire materials, whether purchased or received as a gift, which is intended for a specific individual’s use. There have been unique cases in which licensing terms for an electronic resource may limit access to students and faculty users in a specific department in support of particular courses (i.e., MBA Program). The Acquisitions Unit does not acquire course textbooks, as faculty are strongly encouraged to use Open Educational Resources (OER). The Acquisitions Unit strives to use allocated funds judiciously and to acquire library materials that perpetuate ownership. However, there are certain academic discipline programs in which ownership does not appropriately address the need for relevancy and currency of information and subscriptions or leasing options are considered for these programs of studies (i.e., MBA Program).  

The following selection criteria is used by the librarians to select print materials: 1) author’s and editor’s reputation and significance, 2) importance of the subject matter to the collection, 3) scarcity of materials on the subject, 4) timeliness or permanence of the title, 5) positive reviews, 6) anticipated future needs, 7) number of PASCAL Delivers Book requests and/or Interlibrary Loans, and 8) the holdings of other libraries in the PASCAL’s Shared Library Services Platform (SLSP). 

The following criteria are adhered to in the selection of materials:

• Supports the academic programs of Benedict College’s undergraduate programs and graduate program 
• Recommendations of faculty across disciplines
• Reviews in professional journals and other reputable publications
• Authoritative standard bibliographies or core subject bibliographies
• A publisher recognized as an authority in the field
• An author who is an authority on the subject
• Sponsored by a highly esteemed organization in the respective field
• A new edition of a standard work (i.e., to replace outdated edition)

English is the predominant language in which most materials are selected. There exist some foreign language materials as appropriate to adequately support foreign language courses. Most works are pertinent to the Western Culture which is reflective and consistent with the curriculum at Benedict College. 

Electronic 

During the Fall Semester of 2019, the LRC, supported by the teaching faculty and the Division of Academic Affairs, made a conscious decision to elect electronic and/or digital resources as its primary format of acquiring library materials. The decision embodied consideration of its user community having the ability as well as capability to access library resources beyond the 81 hours a week that the LRC was physically accessible. Other factors for inclusion were that electronic and digital library resources provided greater added value over its print version, including greater currency, functionality (linking to the library catalog for example), access, improved use features, and more rapid delivery. The LRC librarians and faculty found electronic resources equivalent to print formats. The College’s collaborative efforts to make electronic format dominant for acquiring new resources encompass the following factors:

1. faculty recommendations
2. importance of the subject matter to the collection
3. scarcity of information
4. timeliness and permanence of the title
5. terms of use and licensing
6. technical quality
7. accessibility
8. cost 
9. ability to browse and search content by keywords

The acquisitions of books in electronic format have also allowed users to access eBooks without necessarily downloading or expanding accessibility to users. Stolen or missing materials also impacted the decision to pursue the purchase of library materials in electronic format. For electronic journals, the librarians adopted the Guidelines For A Collection Development Policy Using the Conspectus Model  (2001). The Guidelines indicated the following:

“Electronic journals, whether remotely or locally stored, are equivalent to print journals if

1. access to the electronic resources is at least equal to the print product;
2. there is access to a sufficient number of terminals; and 
3. the information comes at no additional cost to the patron.”

For these reasons, the Learning Resources Center made an informative and transformative decision to purchase primarily electronic books and journals. The shift of the Learning Resources Center to primarily acquire books and journals in electronic format has been well established and met with reinforcement by students, faculty, and staff. The Library’s acquisitions of electronic resources encompass eBooks, databases, E-Journal subscriptions, and educational streaming videos. The same collection development guidelines used to purchase books and journals in print format apply to the acquisition of electronic resources.

Print

The librarians realize that for some primary and critical works, as well as academic disciplines, print publications remain the only available format or are considered the most appropriate format. An example is the College’s Education Program which emphasizes the acquisition of printed materials for the Library’s Juvenile Collection as opposed to electronic books. For such programs of studies, the Library will continue to acquire print to maintain appropriate and suitable materials that are supportive of the teaching curriculum and research. 

Media

Selection of multimedia resources (sound recordings, video recordings, kits, CDs, etc.) requires consideration of the suitability of the format, the quality of production, accessibility of persons with disabilities, and availability of equipment. In the past DVD was the preferred physical format, however, streaming videos has become the preferred video format of students and faculty. The LRC currently uses Kanopy, Inc. to provide digital educational streaming video content. 

The Acquisitions Librarian acquires materials, via faculty recommendations, that are supportive of the College’s undergraduate programs and the Masters degree in Business Administration graduate program. The materials in the LRC collections are selected primarily at the instructional level which is defined as adequate to support undergraduate and most graduate instruction as well as independent study. The chart below summarizes the collecting level and scope for the LRC collections. For an explanation of collecting levels see Appendix C.

Electronic Collection

The electronic collection provides immediate access to accurate, reliable, and relevant information that is supportive of all academic programs of the College’s undergraduate and graduate curriculum. The electronic resources are selected to provide either specific subject or multi-subject content. The LRC electronic collections are representative of the instructional support level but are extensive enough to support independent research. This collection consists of electronic databases, journals, eBooks, and digital educational streaming videos. 

Journal Collection  

The collecting scope is to provide scholarly journals that enable faculty and students to have access to relevant research published in every field, particularly those offered at the College. The LRC provides both electronic (68)  and printed journals (21). However, the collecting aim of the LRC is to have a journal collection that is 100% accessible in electronic format. The LRC’s journal coverage encompasses both undergraduate and graduate levels. 

Reference Collection

The collecting scope with the Reference Collection is to select works that serve to introduce and define a subject and to indicate the varieties of information available elsewhere. The LRC librarians acquire materials that are relevant and serve as a primary source for authoritative information about a subject. Reference materials selected include but are not limited to, such works as encyclopedias, handbooks, manuals, bibliographies, historical surveys, dictionaries, almanacs, yearbooks, and occupational guides. The aim is to acquire varied types of reference works that succinctly cover all academic programs on the undergraduate and graduate levels. 

General Circulating Collection

In selecting materials for the LRC’s General Circulating Collection, specific emphasis is placed on  acquiring materials that cover a broad range of subjects that extends the College’s academic programs. Materials are acquired that adequately support the instructional needs of both its undergraduate and graduate constituents. The aim is to select materials that appropriately cover the scope and level of each course within the LRC academic program ranging from introductory (100s) to the advanced (400s) undergraduate subject levels to that of the College’s MBA graduate (5000) course level.   

Juvenile Collection

The collecting scope is to primarily select and acquire children’s books, eBooks, and audiovisual materials that support the College’s Elementary Education Program at the undergraduate level. Materials selected include children’s picture books, chapter books, non-fiction materials, DVDs, and supporting journals. The Library strives to use recommendations made by elementary education faculty, standard children bibliographies, as well as the American Library Association’s (ALA) Newbery & Caldecott Medal Award Books.  

Special Collection

When selecting materials for the Library’s Special Collection, the purpose is to acquire books written by African Americans; books in which African Americans serve as the author’s primary subject; or the book’s content depicts the culture, traditions, achievements, and heritage of African Americans. Materials acquired cover the scope and depth of African Americans’ influence and impact on history, literature, business, science, medicine, art, music, sports, religion, and politics in American. The LRC’s Special Collection is supportive of instructions on the undergraduate and graduate levels. The aim is to achieve a comprehensive coverage of African Americans.

Government Documents

The LRC serves as a selective depository library for United States Government Publications Office (GPO). The Library offers free access to government information  for the Benedict College user community and the residents of the 6^th United States Congressional District of South Carolina. The selection scope is aimed at collecting current information about the operation and activities of the United States Government and providing public access to authoritative information from government sources. Through the GPO, the aim is to make available relevant and current information on a wide variety of subjects such as public health, business, education, science, criminal justice, agriculture, and many others 

Media Collection

The aim is to select and provide various forms and types of media that are adequate to support undergraduate and most graduate instruction at the College. Media collected consists of films, music, and audiobooks in the form of compact discs, and video recordings on DVD. The media music collection represents significant performers, composers, and styles of popular and classical music. Selection is based the on quality of content, performance, production, and diversity. Fiction and non-fiction audiobooks are chosen according to the same criteria as books, with additional consideration for quality of content and recorded production. Non-fiction video includes a variety of general subjects intended for a wide audience. 

Archives Collection

The collecting scope of the archives collection focuses primarily on the cumulation of a repository of  materials that serve to document the history of Benedict College- its students, faculty, staff, and alumni. Documents encompass campus life, culture, organizations, events and programs, renowned guests, community involvement, academic achievements, and Benedict College’s existence over 151 years.  Materials collected include, but are not limited to, manuscripts, artifacts, college catalogs, departmental or committee reports, correspondence, programs, events, photographs, yearbooks, newspapers, speeches, interviews, audiovisual materials, handbooks, proposals, course syllabi, classroom materials, biographical and autobiographical sketches, etc. The Benedict College Historical Collection can be readily used by undergraduates, graduates, faculty, alumni, and other academic researchers.

Acquired materials, whether purchased or donated, are systematically arranged in the Learning Resource Center’s collections by subject category and/or by material type. Reference and circulating books are classified according to the Library of Congress Classification System; periodicals are arranged alphabetically by title; media resources and juvenile books are classified by the Dewey Decimal classification scheme; and government documents are arranged according to the Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) classification system. Archives materials are arranged according to material type and date, from oldest to current. 

An integral part of collection development is an evaluation of the collection to determine if goals and priorities set by librarians are meeting user needs. The library’s collections are reviewed to ensure that the collection is meeting the current teaching curriculum, research, and informational needs of its user community. Materials that no longer meet the needs of academic instruction and research are removed from the collection with careful consideration of both the library liaison and faculty within their respective program. 

Materials acquired are inventoried, cataloged, and circulated through the Library and remains an integral part of the library’s collection until officially removed from the collection through established procedures. Decisions to remove materials from the Benjamin F. Payton Learning Resources Center are purposefully made with the input of faculty in the respective discipline area. Withdrawal decisions are within the context of the collection development policy so that the integrity of the collection is not impaired, but that the collection is enhanced by the removal of obsolete, low-usage, and items that potentially no longer support the current teaching curriculum. Excluding certain types of material from the library collections may also help to keep them viable and pertinent. Due to the intensity of the fall and spring semesters, weeding projects are typically  implemented by the librarians during the summer months and/or interim periods. 

Procedures for the removal of materials are as follows:

• Books are removed from the shelves, by the appropriate library liaison 
• The library liaison contacts faculty of their assessment and gather faculty feedback on materials being considered for withdrawal from the collection.
• If faculty recommends that a ‘work’ should be maintained as part of the collection, the materials are returned to the library shelf
• Materials tagged for withdrawal, are withdrawn from the library’s online catalog and the appropriate bibliographic record is also removed from the integrated library management system. 

Withdrawal 

The following factors are considered in the removal of library materials from the Learning Resources Center: 

• Materials are no longer relevant to, or support the current teaching curriculum
• The physical copy is disintegrating or no longer serviceable in its form
• The content or the format of the item is obsolete
• Electronic duplication with perpetual ownership
• Multiple copies of low-use titles 

U.S. federal government documents are removed from the collection by following protocols established by the Federal Library Depository Program. 

The LRC librarians consider the “Continuous, Review, Evaluation, and Weeding” (CREW) method as a guide to discard books and materials from the Library’s collection based on the following criteria:

Appearance: Books and non-print resources of antiquated appearance which might discourage use; badly bound volumes with soft bindings; poorly printed works including books with small print, poor illustrations or paper that is translucent. Also, worn-out volumes with dirty, brittle, yellow or missing pages and those with broken spines, dingy, torn, and dirty covers.

Poor Content: Materials that contain dated or incorrect information, poorly written or performed works; also, non-print equipment and/or items that have been superseded by improved models and editions. 

Age: Items that have not been used in many years and/or outdated materials.

Specific Classes: Historical items containing inaccurate information or unfair interpretations.

Duplicates

To maximize the funds allocated for the purchase of new library resources, the Learning Resources Center acquires single copies of resources. Partnerships and networks, such as PASCAL Delivers and Interlibrary Loan Services, provides the ability in which the Library’s user community may borrow or otherwise access the same or similar collections in a reasonable and timely manner.  

Replacement

Materials that are declared lost or missing, or in poor/unusable condition will be replaced at the discretion of the appropriate librarian, by following the collection development policy. 

All damaged materials become candidates for withdrawal. Decisions to discard or replace materials are made on a title-by-title basis by the librarians.

Factors described above that may influence decisions to withdraw materials from the general collection may apply to a decision to instead replace materials due to their physical condition or lost/missing status. For the Learning Resources Center Weeding Policy, see Appendix D.

The resources of the Benjamin F. Payton Learning Resources Center are consistently maintained to ensure that collections are adequately preserved and are in good physical condition upon access by its user community. Stack maintenance is performed regularly. Conditions such as extreme temperature, direct sunlight, dust, pests, and other potentially damaging circumstances are monitored and controlled by the library staff in the Access, Research, and Instruction Unit. Sensitive or valuable materials such as manuscripts and photographs are placed in the Archives Center. Materials in which there are no longer available prints or that have significant value may have restricted use (in-library only, special research requests, etc.) Materials that are both fragile and rare or valuable and are not accessible in another format may be photocopied with the intent that the information can be accessed without damaging the original material. Please refer to the Learning Resources Center Archives Preservation Policy for the preservation of archival materials.

Consortium | Networks | Partnerships

Using appropriated material funds, the Acquisitions Unit strives to collect broadly and comprehensively across its 25 undergraduate programs and its MBA graduate program. However, given the constant proliferation of books, no one academic library can financially acquire all materials desired for collection building. For this reason, the Benjamin F. Payton Learning Resources Center collaborates with other academic libraries and maintains participation in networks that fosters resource sharing opportunities as well as the purchase of shared collections. Library consortiums and networks serve to enrich and expand students and faculty access to resources by allowing them to access and borrow materials from many other libraries. Today, students and faculty see resource-sharing programs as an essential library service that libraries are expected to deliver. Shared collection agreements among other academic libraries ensures the Learning Resources Center that its user community has timely access to the broadest array of resources that can only be accomplished through consortium initiatives. Consortium and networks allow the Library to license as well as purchase materials and electronic resources more affordably. Resource-sharing partnerships also serve to reduce the unnecessary duplication of resources in collections among libraries. For these reasons, the Benjamin F. Payton Learning Resources Center is committed to participation in the following consortiums and networks: 

The Partnership Among South Carolina Academic Libraries (PASCAL) is a 56-member S.C. library consortium whose annual consortium fee, for resource content, provides Benedict College students, faculty, and staff  access to nearly 12 million printed books, over 300,000 electronic books, and reputable electronic databases. The following resources are available and accessible to the Benedict College user community through its partnership in PASCAL: 

• ProQuest eBook Central – Subscription & Demand Driven Acquisition (DDA), (190,000 eBooks)
• EBSCO Academic Collection – eBook Subscription package (159,000 eBooks)
• Oxford UPSO Psychology – eBook Perpetual access (335 eBooks)
• PASCAL Delivers – book delivery service (12 million)
• Core Electronic Databases (12)
• PASCAL’s Pick Two Electronic Databases (2)
• Electronic Databases through Distance Information for South Carolina Users (DISCUS) (53 accessible through DISCUS | 18 selected for LRC collections)
• LibGuides through Springshare, LLC (24)

PASCAL’s Shared Library Services Platform (SLSP) consists of 55 of 56 South Carolina libraries that share one library integrated library management system, Ex Libris. The PASCAL’s SLSP consists of: 

• Primo VE discovery solution. (Online Catalog)
• Ex Libris Alma system – library software system (ILS)

The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) is a nonprofit membership organization that promotes cooperation among libraries worldwide. More than 54,000 libraries in 109 countries use OCLC services to locate, acquire, catalog, lend and preserve print and electronic library materials. The Library subscribes to OCLC’s Interlibrary Loan Services, which allows its user community to borrow library materials when they cannot be obtained from the Library’s online catalog or through PASCAL’s Delivery Service. The Library also has access to OCLC’s WorldCat, the world’s largest union bibliographic database maintained by subscribing member libraries. 

The Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Library Alliance is a consortium that supports the collaboration of information professionals dedicated to providing an array of resources designed to strengthen Historically Black Colleges and Universities and its constituents. 

DISCUS, South Carolina’s Virtual Library, is a service of South Carolina State Library. DISCUS is a digital library for the states’ residents and fully supports K through 12^th grade learning.  DISCUS is funded by appropriations from the South Carolina General Assembly and the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services. 

The LRC librarians and the LRC Library Advisory Committee review the services of the PASCAL consortium and its DISCUS partnership annually and find its electronic resources (i.e., databases and eBooks) as well as its book delivery services beneficial to the Benedict College user community. The focal point for core PASCAL resources is the support of general undergraduate education which aligns with the instructional support collecting level of the LRC. The adequacy of collections offered through the PASCAL consortium is broad in scope in terms of academic subject matter which is adequate to support the College’s undergraduate and graduate instruction, and even sustain independent study.  

The Benjamin F. Payton Learning Resources Center accepts donations of books and other library related materials as a way of enhancing its collections. Materials given to the Library are evaluated by the same selection criteria as purchased materials with relevancy to the College’s teaching curriculum, the currency of information, quality of content, and value-added to the existing collections. Other considerations include space limitations, cost of processing, and condition of the materials.

The Library reserves the right to decline a donation. If accepted, donations become the property of the Library and the Library reserves the right to determine retention, location, circulation, and disposition of the gift. The appraisal of a gift’s value for tax or other purposes is the responsibility of the donor, as the Library does not engage in the appraisal of any gifts or donations. The donor is required to complete a Donor’s Gift Form for our records and a copy is provided to the donor. (see Appendix E). Donated library materials are acknowledged by a letter, which indicates the number of items donated. The library does not provide an itemized list.

The Benedict College user community has access to the resources of the Learning Resources Center from its Computer Research Center (CRC), campus computer labs, or any technology device with internet access. The Library’s webpage and the Primo online catalog serves as the primary mediums in which students, faculty, and staff can search for newly acquired materials, existing resources, and PASCAL shared collections.  The library’s webpage is accessible to the Benedict College user community from the College’s website, under the category of ACADEMICS. The Library’s webpage provides users’ access to the Primo online catalog. The Primo online catalog allows the users to look for both print and eBooks, media resources, and selected government documents. The Library’s webpage provides access to eBooks, electronic databases, subject indexes, E-Journals, online newspapers, and educational streaming videos. 

Physical collections extend to the three levels of the Learning Resources Center. The Reference Collection is located on the Library’s main level directly behind the Information Service Desk. The General Circulating Collection begins on the main level and continues to the upper level of the Library. Also located on the upper level are the Library’s Juvenile, Special, and Government Documents Collections. Both the media and archives collections are an integral part of the Library’s collections and are accessible primarily from the Mobile Multimedia Center and Archives Center, respectively, on the ground level of the Learning Resource Center.